Thermodynamics (part 1)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>  <XholonWorkbook> <Notes> Khan Academy ------------ Title: Thermodynamics (part 1) Description: Intuition of how gases generate pressure in a container and why pressure x volume is proportional to the combined kinetic energy of the molecules in the volume. Url: http://www.khanacademy.org/video/thermodynamics--part-1?playlist=Physics InternalName: thermodynamics--part-1 YoutubeId: tQcB9BLUoVI Keywords: physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, pressure, volume, Boyle's, Law to query using Khan Academy API ------------------------------- http://www.khanacademy.org/api/v1/videos/tQcB9BLUoVI My Notes -------- container, surface of container/wall, balloon gas, bunch of gas a gas is made up of molecules each molecule moves at a different velocity assume completely elastic collisions (an ideal gas) P pressure V volume velocity of a molecule momentum force = change in momentum over time time A area K constant What is pressure? pressure on a surface of the container, is from the zillions of collisions from molecules inside every collision causes a change in momentum Force (F) = change in momentum (P) over time (T) = delta P / delta T thermodynamics deals with averages, rather than with individual particles pressure (p) = F / A where A is Area the one essential formula in thermodynamics 5:00 the pressure exerted on the side of the container by an ideal gas is P * V = K pressure * volume = a constant example a container with a quantity of gas inside if I decrease the volume of the box, the gas particles will hit the sides more often so each particle will exert more force on the surface so a decrease in V causes an increase in pressure if you squeeze a balloon, it becomes harder and harder to squeeze it as the volume decreases </Notes> <script implName="lang:python:inline:"><![CDATA[ print "height = 12.99 m" ]]></script> <script implName="lang:javascript:inline:"><![CDATA[ print("height = 56.11 meters\n"); ]]></script> <_-.XholonClass>  <PhysicalSystem/> <SquareBalloon/> <Gas/>  <Height superClass="Length"/> <Width superClass="Length"/> <Depth superClass="Length"/> </_-.XholonClass> <xholonClassDetails> <SquareBalloon> <port name="height" connector="#xpointer(Height)"/> <port name="width" connector="#xpointer(Width)"/> <port name="depth" connector="#xpointer(Depth)"/> <port name="volume" connector="#xpointer(Volume)"/> </SquareBalloon> <Gas> <port name="amountOfSubstance" connector="#xpointer(AmountOfSubstance)"/> </Gas> </xholonClassDetails> <PhysicalSystem> <SquareBalloon> <Height>0.1 m</Height> <Width>0.1 m</Width> <Depth>0.1 m</Depth> <Volume>0.0 m^3</Volume>  <Gas> <AmountOfSubstance>0.0 mol</AmountOfSubstance> </Gas> </SquareBalloon> </PhysicalSystem> <SquareBalloonbehavior implName="lang:javascript:inline:"><![CDATA[ volume.setVal(height.val * width.val * depth.val); ]]></SquareBalloonbehavior> <Gasbehavior implName="lang:javascript:inline:"><![CDATA[ // TODO ]]></Gasbehavior> <SvgClient><Attribute_String roleName="svgUri"><![CDATA[data:image/svg+xml, <svg width="120" height="120" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g> <title>SquareBalloon</title> <rect fill="#000000" stroke="#ff8c00" stroke-width="5" id="PhysicalSystem/SquareBalloon" height="100" width="100" x="10" y="10"/> <g> <circle r="2" fill="#ffff00" cy="37" cx="70" id="svg_2"/> <circle r="2" fill="#ffff00" cy="75" cx="35" id="svg_3"/> <circle r="2" fill="#ffff00" cy="81" cx="90" id="svg_1"/> <circle r="2" fill="#ffff00" cy="89" cx="61" id="svg_4"/> <circle r="2" fill="#ffff00" cy="51" cx="49" id="svg_5"/> <circle r="2" fill="#ffff00" cy="45" cx="91" id="svg_6"/> <circle r="2" fill="#ffff00" cy="30" cx="28" id="svg_7"/> </g> </g> </svg> ]]></Attribute_String><Attribute_String roleName="setup">${MODELNAME_DEFAULT},${SVGURI_DEFAULT}</Attribute_String></SvgClient> </XholonWorkbook>